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Dust mite allergy is a common problem, especially in children. In this article, an experienced allergist will review the features of this allergy, its symptoms, methods of diagnosis and treatment, and advice on prevention.
What are dust mites?
Dust mites are microscopic parasites that live in house dust. They feed on organic debris such as human skin and other particles. Dust mite allergies are caused by the body's reaction to their feces and body particles.
Features of the life cycle of dust mites
The life cycle of dust mites includes several stages, beginning with eggs and ending with adults. During their development, they actively feed and secrete metabolic products that cause dust mite allergies.
How do dust mites cause allergies?
Allergies to house dust mites occur when the body's immune system reacts to the proteins in the mites' feces and remains. These proteins cause an allergic reaction, which can manifest as various symptoms.
Symptoms of dust mite allergy
Dust mite allergies in children and adults can manifest as the following symptoms:
- Itching and red eyes.
- Nasal congestion and sneezing.
- Coughing and difficulty breathing.
- Rashes on the skin.
- Fatigue and irritability.
How do I diagnose dust mite allergy?
To diagnose dust mite allergy, a doctor takes a history, performs an examination, and prescribes specific tests.
There are two main methods for diagnosing dust mite allergy:
- Skin tests (dermal tests) - In this method, a small amount of dust mite extract is applied to the patient's skin, after which the body's reaction is observed.
- Blood test for antibodies - this test determines the level of antibodies specific to dust mite proteins in the patient's blood.
What treatments are available for dust mite allergies?
Treatments for dust mite allergies include the following measures:
Avoiding contact with allergens - cleaning the home, using special mattress and pillow covers, and washing bedding regularly.
Medical treatment - antihistamines (e.g., Cetirizine, Loratadine), steroids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, drops and nasal sprays.
Immunotherapy (allergen-specific immunotherapy) - administration of small doses of an allergen to gradually get the body used to it and reduce the allergic reaction.
How to prevent dust mite allergies
To prevent the reproduction of dust mites, you should regularly wet clean, use a vacuum cleaner with a HEPA filter, treat furniture with special products and reduce the humidity in the room.
To prevent mites from settling in bedding, you should wash your sheets at least 60 degrees, use special anti-allergenic mattress and pillow covers, and dry-clean mattresses and carpets regularly.
What foods should be avoided for dust mite allergies?
Cross-allergies to dust mites can occur in people who are allergic to certain foods. In such a case, potentially allergenic foods such as seafood, nuts, eggs, soya and certain types of fruit should be avoided. However, be sure to consult your doctor before eliminating foods from your diet.
Dust mite allergies and asthma
Dust mite allergies can cause or worsen asthma attacks in people with asthma. When asthma and dust mite allergies are present, it is especially important to take preventive measures and therapies prescribed by your doctor.
Dust mite allergies are a common problem that can significantly reduce quality of life. To cope with these allergies, it is important to have regular diagnoses, follow your doctor's orders, and take preventive measures. Cleaning your home, taking good care of your bedding, using anti-allergenic products, and choosing the right treatment can help reduce the symptoms of dust mite allergies and provide relief.
