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Cross-allergies are a common problem among allergy sufferers. In this comprehensive guide from an experienced allergist, you'll learn all about cross-allergies, their causes, common allergen groups, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.
What is a cross-allergy?
A cross-allergy is a condition in which the body reacts to different allergens that share common structural characteristics. As a result, a person becomes sensitive to several different foods, pollens, or other substances that have similar antigens.
Causes of cross-allergies
One factor that influences the development of cross-allergies is genetic predisposition. Heredity plays a key role in the occurrence of allergies, including cross-allergies.
The second important factor is the relationship to the environment. Frequent contact with allergens and unfavorable environmental conditions can contribute to the development of allergies, including cross-allergies.
Common cross-allergen groups
Food cross-allergies
Cross-allergies to fruits and vegetables are usually associated with reactions to pollen. For example, apple and birch pollen allergies share common allergens. The cross-allergy chart shows links between different foods and pollen.
| Main allergen | Associated foods and allergens |
| Birch pollen | Apples, pears, cherries, peaches, apricots, mangoes, nuts, carrots |
| Ambrosia pollen | Watermelon, melon, bananas, sunflowers, camomile, eucalyptus, nectarines |
| Maple pollen | Tree fruits (oranges, mandarins, lemons) |
| Latex pollen | Avocados, bananas, kiwi, papaya, mulberries, tomatoes |
| Pollen from grasses | Bread, cereals, honey, flour, beer, sunflower seeds |
Nut and seed allergies can cause cross-allergic reactions with other foods or pollens. For example, a walnut allergy may be accompanied by a hazelnut allergy.
Cross-allergies between dairy products and meat are less common. However, some people may have allergic reactions to cow's milk and beef.
Cross-allergies to pollen and plants
Cross-allergies to trees and shrubs are usually related to pollen allergies to these plants. For example, an allergy to birch pollen can cause a reaction to apples or nuts.
Allergies to grass and flower pollen can also cause cross-allergic reactions. Often allergies to pollen from different types of grasses cause reactions to foods that contain proteins structurally similar to pollen allergens.
Diagnosis and treatment of cross-allergy
The first step in diagnosing cross-allergy is to take a history. The doctor asks the patient questions about the symptoms, the products causing the reaction, and the history of allergies in the family.
- Skin tests are used to determine the specific allergens causing the reaction. This involves applying an allergen solution to the skin and observing the reaction.
- Immunological tests, such as determination of specific IgE antibody levels, can help in identifying allergens and confirming the diagnosis of cross-allergy.
Basic approaches to cross-allergy treatment
The basis of cross-allergy treatment is avoidance of contact with allergens. The doctor will make an individualized plan to eliminate problematic foods or substances from the patient's environment.
Treatment of cross-allergy symptoms often includes the use of antihistamines such as loratadine, cetirizine, or fexofenadine. In some cases, corticosteroids or mastocyte-stabilizing drugs (e.g., ketotifen) may be prescribed.
Immunotherapy is a method of treatment in which small doses of an allergen are given to the patient on a regular basis to gradually desensitize the body to it. This method is used for some forms of cross-allergies, especially those associated with pollen allergies.
Tips and advice for cross-allergy prevention
To prevent the development of cross-allergies, it is important to follow a number of simple rules:
- See your allergist in time if you suspect an allergy.
- Follow your doctor's recommendations to eliminate allergens from your diet or environment.
- Regularly hygienize your home, especially during plant blooms.
- Avoid contact with pets if they are a source of allergy.
- Monitor your health and have regular medical check-ups.
Cross-allergy is a complex phenomenon, requiring a careful approach to diagnosis and treatment. Seeing your doctor on time, accurately identifying allergens, and following recommendations The timely contact with your doctor, accurate identification of cross-allergens and following the recommended preventive measures will help reduce the risk of cross-allergic reactions and improve the quality of life of your patients.
