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Cat allergy is a common problem faced by many people. In this article, an experienced allergist will talk about the causes, symptoms, treatment, and prevention of cat allergy so that you can get rid of this unpleasant condition for good.
Causes of cat allergy
The main cause of cat allergy is allergens, the most common of which are Fel d 1, Fel d 4, and Fel d 7. These substances are found in cat saliva, urine, sweat, and epithelium. When a cat licks itself, allergens get on its fur and then spread around the house along with shedding epithelium and dust.
Factors that contribute to cat allergy
The risk of developing cat allergy increases with genetic predisposition, concurrent allergic diseases, as well as unfavorable environmental conditions. Cross-reactivity with other animals can also trigger the development of cat allergy.
Symptoms of cat allergy
Allergic rhinitis and cat allergy
Cat allergy symptoms may manifest as allergic rhinitis. Symptoms include itching in the nose, sneezing, runny nose, and nasal congestion. In some people, allergic rhinitis can cause tearing, itching in the eyes, and increased sensitivity to light.
Skin manifestations of cat allergy
How does cat allergy manifest on the skin? Contact with cat hair or epithelium can cause skin symptoms such as itching, redness, rash, and eczema. In some people, cat allergy can lead to atopic dermatitis.
Bronchial asthma and cat allergy
Cat allergy in children and adults can cause bronchial asthma. Symptoms include difficulty breathing, coughing, wheezing, and a feeling of tightness in the chest. In people with existing asthma, contact with cats can worsen the condition.
Diagnosis of cat allergy
To determine if there is a cat allergy, it is necessary to undergo allergological tests. This can be a skin test or a blood test for specific IgE antibodies to feline allergens.
Differential diagnosis of cat allergy
It is important to perform a differential diagnosis of cat allergy with other allergic diseases, such as allergy to plant pollen, dust, or other animals. For this, an allergist may prescribe additional tests and investigations.
Treatment of cat allergy
Antihistamine drugs
The basis of cat allergy treatment is antihistamine tablets, which help reduce the intensity of symptoms such as itching, skin rash, and allergic rhinitis. There are different generations of antihistamine drugs (Cetirizine, Levocetirizine, Fexofenadine, Loratadine, Desloratadine), the choice of which depends on the individual characteristics of the patient and the severity of the allergy.
Corticosteroids and cat allergy
In case of severe manifestations of cat allergy, a doctor may prescribe corticosteroids (Prednisolone, Dexamethasone, Betamethasone) in the form of tablets, creams or injections. These medications have anti-inflammatory effects and help quickly relieve acute allergy symptoms.
Immunotherapy for cat allergy
Immunotherapy, or allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT), is a treatment method aimed at long-term relief from cat allergy. In this method, the patient is regularly given small doses of the allergen with a gradual increase in concentration, which promotes adaptation of the immune system and reduction of allergic reactions.
Prevention of cat allergy
To prevent cat allergy, it is important to follow hygiene rules at home and properly take care of the cat. Regularly clean, do wet cleaning and vacuum the premises. Pay special attention to cleaning surfaces where the most hair and epithelium accumulate. The cat should be bathed and teeth cleaned, as well as regularly remove fallen hair with special brushes.
Choosing hypoallergenic cat breeds
If you want to get a cat but suffer from allergies, consider choosing a hypoallergenic breed such as Sphynx, Balinese, or Russian Blue. These cat breeds have less fur and lower levels of allergens, which reduces the likelihood of developing an allergic reaction.
In conclusion, it is worth noting that cat allergies are a serious problem, but with the right approach to treatment and prevention, you can overcome this condition and enjoy spending time with your pet. Do not forget about regular consultations with an allergist who will help you choose the most suitable treatment course and provide recommendations for allergy prevention.
