Fruit allergy: how to recognize and what to do?

Fruit allergies are becoming an increasingly common problem among children and adults. This is especially true for people who are allergic to pitted fruits. In this article, an experienced allergist will detail the symptoms, causes, and treatments for fruit allergies.

Allergies: definition and symptoms

An allergy is a reaction of the immune system to certain substances called allergens. Symptoms of a fruit allergy can range from itching and redness of the skin to laryngeal edema and anaphylactic shock. A child with a fruit allergy may have similar symptoms, so it's important to know what fruit allergies can be and how to treat the condition.

According to statistics, fruit allergies affect about 2-3% of the population. It can occur at any age, but is most commonly diagnosed in children and adolescents.

Main causes of fruit allergy

• One of the main causes of fruit allergies is cross-reactions with other allergens, such as plant pollen or latex. The body gets mistaken and mistakes fruit proteins for dangerous substances, causing an allergic reaction.
• Some people are genetically predisposed to fruit allergies. In such cases, the risk of developing allergies increases.

The most allergenic fruits

• Citrus fruits such as oranges, tangerines and grapefruit are among the most allergenic. They can cause mucosal irritation and skin reactions in people with fruit allergies.
• Kiwi and pineapple are also among the group of allergenic fruits. They contain enzymes that can cause various allergic reactions, especially in children.
• Avocados and bananas often cause allergies in people with latex allergies because of cross-reacting proteins.

Diagnosis of fruit allergy

Various methods are used to diagnose fruit allergy, such as skin tests, blood tests for antibodies, and provocation tests.

Before undergoing allergy tests, it is important to follow certain rules, such as stopping antihistamines 3-5 days before testing and avoiding contact with allergens.

Treatment and prevention of fruit allergies

Treatment of fruit allergy includes antihistamines such as cetirizine, loratadine, fexofenadine, etc., steroid hormones to eliminate inflammation and edema, and adrenaline in case of anaphylactic shock.

Hypoallergenic diet

The basis of fruit allergy prevention is a hypoallergenic diet. This means completely eliminating allergenic fruit from the diet and replacing it with less allergenic products.

Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a method of treatment which consists of gradually introducing small doses of an allergen, in order to accustom the immune system to the substance and reduce the allergic reaction. This method is used when medication and diet do not have the desired effect.

How to choose safe fruits

To avoid allergic reactions, choose fruit that is low in allergenic proteins. Give preference to apples, pears or grapes instead of stone fruits like peaches and apricots.

If serious symptoms such as swelling of the throat, difficulty in breathing, heavy skin rashes or an increased heart rate occur after eating fruit, you should immediately see a doctor or call an ambulance.

Fruit allergy is a fairly common problem, especially among children. By being aware of the causes, symptoms and treatments for fruit allergies, you can make life much easier with this condition and prevent possible complications. Do not hesitate to see an allergist if you suspect an allergy or if alarming symptoms appear. Be attentive to your health and the health of your children, and they will be able to enjoy fruits without fear of allergic reactions.